LEMNISCATA
Matemàtiques, física, química…
Les dades són: $m = 3 \, \text{kg}$, $F(x) = 12x – 3x^2 \, \text{N}$, $x_i = 0 \, \text{m}$, $x_f = 4 \, \text{m}$, $v_0 = 0 \, \text{m/s}$.
(a) El treball d’una força variable es calcula com:
$$W = \int_{x_i}^{x_f} F(x) \, dx = \int_0^4 (12x – 3x^2) \, dx.$$
Calculem la integral:
$$W = \left[ 6x^2 – x^3 \right]_0^4 = \left( 6 \cdot 4^2 – 4^3 \right) – 0 = (6 \cdot 16 – 64) = 96 – 64 = 32 \, \text{J}.$$
(b) Pel teorema de les forces vives, $W = \Delta E_c$:
$$W = \frac{1}{2} m v_f^2 – \frac{1}{2} m v_0^2 \implies 32 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 3 \cdot v_f^2 \implies 32 = 1,5 v_f^2 \implies v_f^2 = \frac{32}{1,5} \approx 21,33 \implies v_f \approx 4,62 \, \text{m/s}.$$
$\textbf{Resposta:}$
(a) $W = 32 \, \text{J}$.
(b) $v_f \approx 4,62 \, \text{m/s}$.