LEMNISCATA
Matemàtiques, física, química…
1. Forma matricial. Escrivim en la forma $A \cdot X = B$:\[A =\begin{pmatrix}2 & 1 & -1 \\-3 & -1 & 2 \\-2 & 1 & 2\end{pmatrix},\quad X =\begin{pmatrix}x \\ y \\ z\end{pmatrix},\quad B =\begin{pmatrix}8 \\ -11 \\ -3\end{pmatrix}\]
2. Mètode de la matriu inversa. Sabem que:\[X = A^{-1} \cdot B\]
2.1 Determinant de $A$ \[\det(A) =2((-1)\cdot 2 – 2 \cdot 1) – 1((-3) \cdot 2 – 2 \cdot (-2)) + (-1)((-3) \cdot 1 – (-1) \cdot (-2))\]\[\det(A) = 2(-4) – 1(-6+4) + (-1)(-3-2)\]\[\det(A) = -8 + 2 + 5 = -1\]
2.2 Matriu de cofactores. \[C =\begin{pmatrix}-4 & 2 & -5 \\-3 & 2 & -4 \\ 1 & -1 & 1\end{pmatrix}\]
2.3 Matriu adjunta \[\operatorname{Adj}(A) = C^T =\begin{pmatrix}-4 & -3 & 1 \\ 2 & 2 & -1 \\-5 & -4 & 1\end{pmatrix}\]
2.4 Matriu inversa. \[A^{-1} = \frac{1}{\det(A)} \cdot \operatorname{Adj}(A)= (-1) \cdot\begin{pmatrix}-4 & -3 & 1 \\ 2 & 2 & -1 \\-5 & -4 & 1\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 4 & 3 & -1 \\-2 & -2 & 1 \\ 5 & 4 & -1\end{pmatrix}\]
3. Càlcul de les incògnites \[X =\begin{pmatrix} 4 & 3 & -1 \\-2 & -2 & 1 \\ 5 & 4 & -1\end{pmatrix}\cdot\begin{pmatrix}8 \\ -11 \\ -3\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \\ -1\end{pmatrix}\]\[\boxed{x = 2, \quad y = 3, \quad z = -1}\]